![]() ![]() A sophisticatedly designed yellow complex exhibiting a superior steric hindrance and a good carrier balance is proposed as the emissive material of light-emitting electrochemical cells and thus the external quantum efficiency (EQE) is up to 13.6%. In this work, a combinational approach is demonstrated to optimize the device efficiency of LECs. However, most reported works focused on only one of the three optimization approaches. For maximizing the device efficiency, three approaches including development of efficient emissive materials, optimizing the carrier balance, and maximizing the light extraction have been reported. Light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) show high technical potential for display and lighting utilizations owing to the superior properties of solution processability, low operation voltage, and employing inert cathodes.
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